Endocrine Function: Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Clinical Manifestations

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the most likely diagnosis based on C.B.’s symptoms. Her left foot has recently become weak and numb, and she has an increased need to pee at night, all of which point to uncontrolled hyperglycemia impacting her circulatory and neurological systems. The metabolic alterations associated with diabetes are also supported by the weight increase, particularly in the last six months (Avilés-Santa et al., 2020). These symptoms, together with her three-year history of high cholesterol and blood sugar, highlight the need for prompt management to avoid consequences linked to uncontrolled diabetes.

Glycemia Values in the Context of Bacterial Pneumonia

Due to the stress reaction induced by the illness, C.B.’s glycemia readings may rise if she were to get bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia and other infections may cause an upregulation of insulin resistance and consequent increases in blood glucose levels due to the release of catecholamines and cortisol, which are hormones that work to regulate blood sugar levels (Eshwara et al., 2020). Keeping an eye on her glycemic levels while she is sick is essential, and she may need to make some changes to her diabetes treatment plan to get it under control enough to avoid problems.

Non-Pharmacologic and Pharmacologic

It is recommended that non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies be included in the first therapy for C.B. Modifications to one’s way of life, such as eating a balanced diet with a focus on limiting carbs, increasing physical activity, and regulating one’s weight, would constitute non-pharmacologic interventions. For self-management to be successful, it is vital to monitor glucose levels continuously and check blood sugar levels regularly (Eshwara et al., 2020). Insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs may be part of her pharmacologic treatment plan for her hyperglycemia. C.B. and her healthcare professionals must work together to develop a personalized strategy that targets cardiovascular risk factors in addition to glycemic management. The key to effective treatment is educating patients on the significance of taking their medicines as prescribed and making other lifestyle adjustments.

References

Avilés-Santa, M. L., Monroig-Rivera, A., Soto-Soto, A., & Lindberg, N. M. (2020). Current state of diabetes mellitus prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Latin America: challenges and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes across the continent. Current diabetes reports, 20, 1-44.

Eshwara, V. K., Mukhopadhyay, C., & Rello, J. (2020). Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: An update. The Indian journal of medical research, 151(4), 287.

McRae, M. P. (2020). Effectiveness of fiber supplementation for constipation, weight loss, and supporting gastrointestinal function: a narrative review of meta-analyses. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 19(1), 58-64.